Diabetes & Metabolism Journal

Original Articles

Basic research
Reducing Oxidative Stress and Inflammation by Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 4 Inhibition Is Important in Prevention of Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Diabetic Mice: Ah Reum Khang, Dong Hun Kim, Min-Ji Kim, Chang Joo Oh, Jae-Han Jeon, Sung Hee Choi, In-Kyu Lee; Received June 22, 2023 Accepted July 13, 2023 Published online February 1, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2023.0196 [Epub ahead of print]

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Background
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammation are reported to have a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury, a leading cause of acute kidney injury. The present study investigated the role of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) in ROS production and inflammation following IR injury.
Methods
We used a streptozotocin-induced diabetic C57BL6/J mouse model, which was subjected to IR by clamping both renal pedicles. Cellular apoptosis and inflammatory markers were evaluated in NRK-52E cells and mouse primary tubular cells after hypoxia and reoxygenation using a hypoxia work station.
Results
Following IR injury in diabetic mice, the expression of PDK4, rather than the other PDK isoforms, was induced with a marked increase in pyruvate dehydrogenase E1α (PDHE1α) phosphorylation. This was accompanied by a pronounced ROS activation, as well as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) production. Notably, sodium dichloroacetate (DCA) attenuated renal IR injury-induced apoptosis which can be attributed to reducing PDK4 expression and PDHE1α phosphorylation levels. DCA or shPdk4 treatment reduced oxidative stress and decreased TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and MCP-1 production after IR or hypoxia-reoxygenation injury.
Conclusion
PDK4 inhibition alleviated renal injury with decreased ROS production and inflammation, supporting a critical role for PDK4 in IR mediated damage. This result indicates another potential target for reno-protection during IR injury; accordingly, the role of PDK4 inhibition needs to be comprehensively elucidated in terms of mitochondrial function during renal IR injury.

Basic Research
CycloZ Improves Hyperglycemia and Lipid Metabolism by Modulating Lysine Acetylation in KK-Ay Mice: Jongsu Jeon, Dohyun Lee, Bobae Kim, Bo-Yoon Park, Chang Joo Oh, Min-Ji Kim, Jae-Han Jeon, In-Kyu Lee, Onyu Park, Seoyeong Baek, Chae Won Lim, Dongryeol Ryu, Sungsoon Fang, Johan Auwerx, Kyong-Tai Kim, Hoe-Yune Jung; Diabetes Metab J. 2023;47(5):653-667. Published online April 26, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2022.0244

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CycloZ, a combination of cyclo-His-Pro and zinc, has anti-diabetic activity. However, its exact mode of action remains to be elucidated.
Methods
KK-Ay mice, a type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) model, were administered CycloZ either as a preventive intervention, or as a therapy. Glycemic control was evaluated using the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. Liver and visceral adipose tissues (VATs) were used for histological evaluation, gene expression analysis, and protein expression analysis.
Results
CycloZ administration improved glycemic control in KK-Ay mice in both prophylactic and therapeutic studies. Lysine acetylation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha, liver kinase B1, and nuclear factor-κB p65 was decreased in the liver and VATs in CycloZ-treated mice. In addition, CycloZ treatment improved mitochondrial function, lipid oxidation, and inflammation in the liver and VATs of mice. CycloZ treatment also increased the level of β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺), which affected the activity of deacetylases, such as sirtuin 1 (Sirt1).
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that the beneficial effects of CycloZ on diabetes and obesity occur through increased NAD⁺ synthesis, which modulates Sirt1 deacetylase activity in the liver and VATs. Given that the mode of action of an NAD+ booster or Sirt1 deacetylase activator is different from that of traditional T2DM drugs, CycloZ would be considered a novel therapeutic option for the treatment of T2DM.

Metabolic Risk/Epidemiology
Novel Asian-Specific Visceral Adiposity Indices Are Associated with Chronic Kidney Disease in Korean Adults: Jonghwa Jin, Hyein Woo, Youngeun Jang, Won-Ki Lee, Jung-Guk Kim, In-Kyu Lee, Keun-Gyu Park, Yeon-Kyung Choi; Diabetes Metab J. 2023;47(3):426-436. Published online March 6, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2022.0099

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Background
The Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI) and new visceral adiposity index (NVAI) are novel indices of visceral adiposity used to predict metabolic and cardiovascular diseases in Asian populations. However, the relationships of CVAI and NVAI with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have not been investigated. We aimed to characterize the relationships of CVAI and NVAI with the prevalence of CKD in Korean adults.
Methods
A total of 14,068 participants in the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (6,182 men and 7,886 women) were included. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were employed to compare the associations between indices of adiposity and CKD, and a logistic regression model was used to characterize the relationships of CVAI and NVAI with CKD prevalence.
Results
The areas under the ROC curves for CVAI and NVAI were significantly larger than for the other indices, including the visceral adiposity index and lipid accumulation product, in both men and women (all P<0.001). In addition, high CVAI or NVAI was significantly associated with a high CKD prevalence in both men (odds ratio [OR], 2.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.31 to 3.48 in CVAI and OR, 6.47; 95% CI, 2.91 to 14.38 in NVAI, P<0.05) and women (OR, 4.87; 95% CI, 1.85 to 12.79 in CVAI and OR, 3.03; 95% CI, 1.35 to 6.82 in NVAI, P<0.05); this association remained significant after adjustment for multiple confounding factors in men and women.
Conclusion
CVAI and NVAI are positively associated with CKD prevalence in a Korean population. CVAI and NVAI may be useful for the identification of CKD in Asian populations, including in Korea.

Citations

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Association between Chinese visceral adiposity index and risk of stroke incidence in middle-aged and elderly Chinese population: evidence from a large national cohort study
Zenglei Zhang, Lin Zhao, Yiting Lu, Xu Meng, Xianliang Zhou
Journal of Translational Medicine.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

Review

Basic Research
The Link between Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Sarcopenia: An Update Focusing on the Role of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 4: Min-Ji Kim, Ibotombi Singh Sinam, Zerwa Siddique, Jae-Han Jeon, In-Kyu Lee; Diabetes Metab J. 2023;47(2):153-163. Published online January 12, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2022.0305

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Sarcopenia, defined as a progressive loss of muscle mass and function, is typified by mitochondrial dysfunction and loss of mitochondrial resilience. Sarcopenia is associated not only with aging, but also with various metabolic diseases characterized by mitochondrial dyshomeostasis. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDKs) are mitochondrial enzymes that inhibit the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, which controls pyruvate entry into the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the subsequent adenosine triphosphate production required for normal cellular activities. PDK4 is upregulated in mitochondrial dysfunction-related metabolic diseases, especially pathologic muscle conditions associated with enhanced muscle proteolysis and aberrant myogenesis. Increases in PDK4 are associated with perturbation of mitochondria-associated membranes and mitochondrial quality control, which are emerging as a central mechanism in the pathogenesis of metabolic disease-associated muscle atrophy. Here, we review how mitochondrial dysfunction affects sarcopenia, focusing on the role of PDK4 in mitochondrial homeostasis. We discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of PDK4 on mitochondrial dysfunction in sarcopenia and show that targeting mitochondria could be a therapeutic target for treating sarcopenia.

Citations

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Synthesis, activatory effects, molecular docking and ADME studies as rabbit muscle pyruvate kinase activators of ureido phenyl substituted 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives
Mustafa Oğuzhan Kaya, Tuna Demirci, Ümit Çalışır, Oğuzhan Özdemir, Yeşim Kaya, Mustafa Arslan
Research on Chemical Intermediates.2024; 50(1): 437. CrossRef
Unraveling the causes of sarcopenia: Roles of neuromuscular junction impairment and mitochondrial dysfunction
Yanmei Miao, Leiyu Xie, Jiamei Song, Xing Cai, Jinghe Yang, Xinglong Ma, Shaolin Chen, Peng Xie
Physiological Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Metabolic clues to aging: exploring the role of circulating metabolites in frailty, sarcopenia and vascular aging related traits and diseases
Zonghao Qian, Yuzhen Huang, Yucong Zhang, Ni Yang, Ziwei Fang, Cuntai Zhang, Le Zhang
Frontiers in Genetics.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Inhibition of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 4 Protects Cardiomyocytes from lipopolysaccharide-Induced Mitochondrial Damage by Reducing Lactate Accumulation
Tangtian Chen, Qiumin Xie, Bin Tan, Qin Yi, Han Xiang, Rui Wang, Qin Zhou, Bolin He, Jie Tian, Jing Zhu, Hao Xu
Inflammation.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Effect of resistance training plus enriched probiotic supplement on sestrin2, oxidative stress, and mitophagy markers in elderly male Wistar rats
Majid Mohabbat, Hamid Arazi
Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Neuroprotective Effects and Therapeutic Potential of Dichloroacetate: Targeting Metabolic Disorders in Nervous System Diseases
Yue Zhang, Meiyan Sun, Hongxiang Zhao, Zhengyan Wang, Yanan Shi, Jianxin Dong, Kaifang Wang, Xi Wang, Xingyue Li, Haiyan Qi, Xiaoyong Zhao
International Journal of Nanomedicine.2023; Volume 18: 7559. CrossRef

Original Article

Metabolic Risk/Epidemiology
Effect of Low-Dose Persistent Organic Pollutants on Mitochondrial Function: Human and in Vitro Evidence: Se-A Kim, Hoyul Lee, Sung-Mi Park, Mi-Jin Kim, Yu-Mi Lee, Young-Ran Yoon, Hyun-Kyung Lee, Hyo-Bang Moon, In-Kyu Lee, Duk-Hee Lee; Diabetes Metab J. 2022;46(4):592-604. Published online January 26, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2021.0132

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Background
Chronic exposure to low-dose persistent organic pollutants (POPs) can induce mitochondrial dysfunction. This study evaluated the association between serum POP concentrations and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) as a marker of mitochondrial function in humans and in vitro cells.
Methods
Serum concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were measured in 323 adults. The OCRs of platelets and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were assessed in 20 mL of fresh blood using a Seahorse XF analyzer. Additionally, the in vitro effects of Arochlor-1254, β-hexachlorocyclohexane, and p,p´-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane at concentrations of 0.1 pM to 100 nM were evaluated in human platelets, human PBMCs, and Jurkat T-cells.
Results
The association between serum POP concentrations and OCR differed depending on the cell type. As serum OCP concentrations increased, basal platelet OCR levels decreased significantly; according to the OCP quintiles of summary measure, they were 8.6, 9.6, 8.2, 8.0, and 7.1 pmol/min/μg (P trend=0.005). Notably, the basal PBMC OCR levels decreased remarkably as the serum PCB concentration increased. PBMC OCR levels were 46.5, 34.3, 29.1, 16.5, and 13.1 pmol/min/μg according to the PCB quintiles of summary measure (P trend <0.001), and this inverse association was consistently observed in all subgroups stratified by age, sex, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and hypertension, respectively. In vitro experimental studies have also demonstrated that chronic exposure to low-dose POPs could decrease OCR levels.
Conclusion
The findings from human and in vitro studies suggest that chronic exposure to low-dose POPs can induce mitochondrial dysfunction by impairing oxidative phosphorylation.

Citations

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Persistent Organic Pollutants released from decomposed adipose tissue affect mitochondrial enzyme function in the brain and eyes other than the liver
Dongshin Yang, Eun Ko, Hwayeon Lim, Hyojin Lee, Kitae Kim, Moonsung Choi, Sooim Shin
Environmental Science and Pollution Research.2024; 31(7): 10648. CrossRef
Can lipophilic pollutants in adipose tissue explain weight change‐related risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus?
Duk‐Hee Lee, In‐Kyu Lee
Journal of Diabetes Investigation.2023; 14(4): 528. CrossRef
Mitochondrial and metabolic features of salugenesis and the healing cycle
Robert K. Naviaux
Mitochondrion.2023; 70: 131. CrossRef
Obesity Paradox in Sepsis: Role of Adipose Tissue in Storing Mitochondrial Toxins
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Critical Care Medicine.2023; 51(8): e172. CrossRef
Human Preadipocytes Differentiated under Hypoxia following PCB126 Exposure during Proliferation: Effects on Differentiation, Glucose Uptake and Adipokine Profile
Zeinab El Amine, Jean-François Mauger, Pascal Imbeault
Cells.2023; 12(18): 2326. CrossRef
Is micronucleus assay in oral exfoliated cells a useful biomarker for biomonitoring populations exposed to pesticides? A systematic review with meta-analysis
Ingra Tais Malacarne, Wilton Mitsunari Takeshita, Daniel Vitor de Souza, Barbara dos Anjos Rosario, Milena de Barros Viana, Ana Claudia Muniz Renno, Daisy Maria Favero Salvadori, Daniel Araki Ribeiro
Environmental Science and Pollution Research.2022; 29(43): 64392. CrossRef
Comment on: Obesity is Associated with Improved Postoperative Overall Survival, Independent of Skeletal Muscle Mass in Lung Adenocarcinoma by Lee et al.
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Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle.2022; 13(5): 2576. CrossRef

Brief Report

Drug/Regimen
Evogliptin, a Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor, Attenuates Renal Fibrosis Caused by Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction in Mice: Mi-Jin Kim, Na-young Kim, Yun-A Jung, Seunghyeong Lee, Gwon-Soo Jung, Jung-Guk Kim, In-Kyu Lee, Sungwoo Lee, Yeon-Kyung Choi, Keun-Gyu Park; Diabetes Metab J. 2020;44(1):186-192. Published online October 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2018.0271

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Renal fibrosis is considered to be the final common outcome of chronic kidney disease. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors have demonstrated protective effects against diabetic kidney disease. However, the anti-fibrotic effect of evogliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, has not been studied. Here, we report the beneficial effects of evogliptin on unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)-induced renal fibrosis in mice. Evogliptin attenuated UUO-induced renal atrophy and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting demonstrated that evogliptin treatment inhibits pro-fibrotic gene expressions and extracellular matrix production. In vitro findings showed that the beneficial effects of evogliptin on renal fibrosis are mediated by inhibition of the transforming growth factor-β/Smad3 signaling pathway. The present study demonstrates that evogliptin is protective against UUO-induced renal fibrosis, suggesting that its clinical applications could extend to the treatment of kidney disease of non-diabetic origin.

Citations

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Targeting cluster of differentiation 26 / dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (CD26/DPP4) in organ fibrosis
Birte Ohm, Isabelle Moneke, Wolfgang Jungraithmayr
British Journal of Pharmacology.2023; 180(22): 2846. CrossRef
Linagliptin ameliorates pulmonary fibrosis in systemic sclerosis mouse model via inhibition of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition
Biwei Pei, Na Zhang, Tingting Pang, Gengyun Sun
Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry.2022; 477(4): 995. CrossRef
Association Between DPP4 Inhibitor Use and the Incidence of Cirrhosis, ESRD, and Some Cancers in Patients With Diabetes
Yewon Na, Soo Wan Kim, Ie Byung Park, Soo Jung Choi, Seungyoon Nam, Jaehun Jung, Dae Ho Lee
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2022; 107(11): 3022. CrossRef
Evogliptin Directly Inhibits Inflammatory and Fibrotic Signaling in Isolated Liver Cells
Hye-Young Seo, So-Hee Lee, Eugene Han, Jae Seok Hwang, Sol Han, Mi Kyung Kim, Byoung Kuk Jang
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2022; 23(19): 11636. CrossRef
Optimization and validation of a fluorogenic dipeptidyl peptidase 4 enzymatic assay in human plasma
Hyunyee Yoon, Su Hee Cho, Yu Rim Seo, Kyung-Sang Yu, Sung Sup Park, Moon Jung Song
Analytical Biochemistry.2021; 612: 113952. CrossRef
Use of Anti-Diabetic Agents in Non-Diabetic Kidney Disease: From Bench to Bedside
Sungjin Chung, Gheun-Ho Kim
Life.2021; 11(5): 389. CrossRef
Targeting Dermal Fibroblast Subtypes in Antifibrotic Therapy: Surface Marker as a Cellular Identity or a Functional Entity?
Xin Huang, Yimin Khoong, Chengyao Han, Dai Su, Hao Ma, Shuchen Gu, Qingfeng Li, Tao Zan
Frontiers in Physiology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Efficacy and safety of evogliptin treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes: A multicentre, active‐controlled, randomized, double‐blind study with open‐label extension (the EVERGREEN study)
Gyuri Kim, Soo Lim, Hyuk‐Sang Kwon, Ie B. Park, Kyu J. Ahn, Cheol‐Young Park, Su K. Kwon, Hye S. Kim, Seok W. Park, Sin G. Kim, Min K. Moon, Eun S. Kim, Choon H. Chung, Kang S. Park, Mikyung Kim, Dong J. Chung, Chang B. Lee, Tae H. Kim, Moon‐Kyu Lee
Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism.2020; 22(9): 1527. CrossRef
Effect of Switching from Linagliptin to Teneligliptin Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors in Older Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Eugene Han, Minyoung Lee, Yong-ho Lee, Hye Soon Kim, Byung-wan Lee, Bong-Soo Cha, Eun Seok Kang
Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy.2020; Volume 13: 4113. CrossRef
Efficacy and safety of novel dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitor evogliptin in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis
Deep Dutta, Saptarshi Bhattacharya, Aishwarya Krishnamurthy, LokeshKumar Sharma, Meha Sharma
Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism.2020; 24(5): 434. CrossRef

Short Communication

Epidemiology
Low-Normal Free Thyroxine Levels in Euthyroid Male Are Associated with Prediabetes: Sung Woo Kim, Jae-Han Jeon, Jun Sung Moon, Eon Ju Jeon, Mi-Kyung Kim, In-Kyu Lee, Jung Beom Seo, Keun-Gyu Park; Diabetes Metab J. 2019;43(5):718-726. Published online March 19, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2018.0222

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader: Abnormal thyroid function is associated with impaired glucose homeostasis. This study aimed to determine whether free thyroxine (FT4) influences the prevalence of prediabetes in euthyroid subjects using a cross-sectional survey derived from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, conducted between 2013 and 2015. We studied 2,399 male participants of >20 years of age who were euthyroid and non-diabetic. Prediabetic participants had lower FT4 concentrations than those without prediabetes, but their thyrotropin concentrations were similar. We stratified the population into tertiles according to FT4 concentration. After adjusting for multiple confounding factors, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels significantly decreased with increasing FT4 tertile, whereas fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels were not associated with FT4 tertiles (HbA1c, P<0.01 in T3 vs. T1; FPG, P=0.489 in T3 vs. T1). The prevalence of prediabetes was significantly higher in T1 (odds ratio, 1.426; 95% confidence interval, 1.126 to 1.806; P<0.01) than in T3. In conclusion, subjects with low-normal serum FT4 had high HbA1c and were more likely to have prediabetes. These results suggest that low FT4 concentration is a risk factor for prediabetes in male, even when thyroid function is within the normal range.

Original Articles

Complications
Gemigliptin Attenuates Renal Fibrosis Through Down-Regulation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome: Jung Beom Seo, Yeon-Kyung Choi, Hye-In Woo, Yun-A Jung, Sungwoo Lee, Seunghyeong Lee, Mihyang Park, In-Kyu Lee, Gwon-Soo Jung, Keun-Gyu Park; Diabetes Metab J. 2019;43(6):830-839. Published online March 5, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2018.0181

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Background

The hypoglycemic drugs dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors have proven protective effects on diabetic kidney disease, including renal fibrosis. Although NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation is known to play an important role in the progression of renal fibrosis, the impact of DPP-4 inhibition on NLRP3-mediated inflammation while ameliorating renal fibrosis has not been fully elucidated. Here, we report that the renoprotective effect of gemigliptin is associated with a reduction in NLRP3-mediated inflammation in a murine model of renal fibrosis.

Methods

We examined the effects of gemigliptin on renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis induced in mice by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Using immunohistochemical and Western blot analysis, we quantitated components of the NLRP3 inflammasome in kidneys with and without gemigliptin treatment, and in vitro in human kidney tubular epithelial human renal proximal tubule cells (HK-2) cells, we further analyzed the effect of gemigliptin on transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-stimulated production of profibrotic proteins.

Results

Immunohistological examination revealed that gemigliptin ameliorated UUO-induced tubular atrophy and renal fibrosis. Gemigliptin-treated kidneys showed a reduction in levels of NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), caspase-1, and interleukin-1β, which had all been markedly increased by UUO. In line with the in vivo results, TGF-β markedly increased NLRP3 inflammasome markers, which were attenuated by gemigliptin treatment. Furthermore, gemigliptin treatment attenuated phosphorylated nuclear factor-κB levels, which had been increased in the UUO kidney as well as in TGF-β-treated cultured renal cells.

Conclusion

The present study shows that activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome contributes to UUO-induced renal fibrosis and the renoprotective effect of gemigliptin is associated with attenuation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation.

Citations

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Novel pharmacological interventions for diabetic kidney disease
Seng Kiong Tan, Jairo A. Pinzon-Cortes, Mark E. Cooper
Current Opinion in Nephrology & Hypertension.2024; 33(1): 13. CrossRef
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Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and polystyrene microplastics co-exposure caused oxidative stress to activate NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway aggravated pyroptosis and inflammation in mouse kidney
Shanshan Li, Xuedie Gu, Muyue Zhang, Qihang Jiang, Tong Xu
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Fluorofenidone attenuates renal fibrosis by inhibiting lysosomal cathepsin‑mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation
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Ya Liu, Haibo Lei, Wenyou Zhang, Qichang Xing, Renzhu Liu, Shiwei Wu, Zheng Liu, Qingzi Yan, Wencan Li, Xiang Liu, Yixiang Hu
Cell Death & Disease.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
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Long‐Term Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibition Worsens Hypertension and Renal and Cardiac Abnormalities in Obese Spontaneously Hypertensive Heart Failure Rats
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Journal of the American Heart Association.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
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Targeting Dermal Fibroblast Subtypes in Antifibrotic Therapy: Surface Marker as a Cellular Identity or a Functional Entity?
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Islet Studies and Transplantation
Myricetin Protects Against High Glucose-Induced β-Cell Apoptosis by Attenuating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress via Inactivation of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5: Udayakumar Karunakaran, Suma Elumalai, Jun Sung Moon, Jae-Han Jeon, Nam Doo Kim, Keun-Gyu Park, Kyu Chang Won, Jaechan Leem, In-Kyu Lee; Diabetes Metab J. 2019;43(2):192-205. Published online January 16, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2018.0052

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Background

Chronic hyperglycemia has deleterious effects on pancreatic β-cell function and turnover. Recent studies support the view that cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) plays a role in β-cell failure under hyperglycemic conditions. However, little is known about how CDK5 impair β-cell function. Myricetin, a natural flavonoid, has therapeutic potential for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this study, we examined the effect of myricetin on high glucose (HG)-induced β-cell apoptosis and explored the relationship between myricetin and CDK5.

Methods

To address this question, we subjected INS-1 cells and isolated rat islets to HG conditions (30 mM) in the presence or absence of myricetin. Docking studies were conducted to validate the interaction between myricetin and CDK5. Gene expression and protein levels of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers were measured by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis.

Results

Activation of CDK5 in response to HG coupled with the induction of ER stress via the down regulation of sarcoendoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2b (SERCA2b) gene expression and reduced the nuclear accumulation of pancreatic duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX1) leads to β-cell apoptosis. Docking study predicts that myricetin inhibit CDK5 activation by direct binding in the ATP-binding pocket. Myricetin counteracted the decrease in the levels of PDX1 and SERCA2b by HG. Moreover, myricetin attenuated HG-induced apoptosis in INS-1 cells and rat islets and reduce the mitochondrial dysfunction by decreasing reactive oxygen species production and mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) loss.

Conclusion

Myricetin protects the β-cells against HG-induced apoptosis by inhibiting ER stress, possibly through inactivation of CDK5 and consequent upregulation of PDX1 and SERCA2b.

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Review

Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome
Role of the Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex in Metabolic Remodeling: Differential Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex Functions in Metabolism: Sungmi Park, Jae-Han Jeon, Byong-Keol Min, Chae-Myeong Ha, Themis Thoudam, Bo-Yoon Park, In-Kyu Lee; Diabetes Metab J. 2018;42(4):270-281. Published online August 21, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2018.0101

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Abstract PDF PubReader

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of metabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancers. Dysfunction occurs in part because of altered regulation of the mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC), which acts as a central metabolic node that mediates pyruvate oxidation after glycolysis and fuels the Krebs cycle to meet energy demands. Fine-tuning of PDC activity has been mainly attributed to post-translational modifications of its subunits, including the extensively studied phosphorylation and de-phosphorylation of the E1α subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), modulated by kinases (pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase [PDK] 1-4) and phosphatases (pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase [PDP] 1-2), respectively. In addition to phosphorylation, other covalent modifications, including acetylation and succinylation, and changes in metabolite levels via metabolic pathways linked to utilization of glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids, have been identified. In this review, we will summarize the roles of PDC in diverse tissues and how regulation of its activity is affected in various metabolic disorders.

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Original Articles

Complications
Serum Levels of PCSK9 Are Associated with Coronary Angiographic Severity in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome: Kwi-Hyun Bae, Sung Woo Kim, Yeon-Kyung Choi, Jung Beom Seo, Namkyun Kim, Chang-Yeon Kim, Won Kee Lee, Sungwoo Lee, Jung Guk Kim, In-Kyu Lee, Jang Hoon Lee, Keun-Gyu Park; Diabetes Metab J. 2018;42(3):207-214. Published online May 2, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2017.0081

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Abstract PDF PubReader

Background

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a circulating protein that promotes degradation of the low density lipoprotein receptor. PCSK9 has emerged as a target for lipid-lowering therapy, but the predictive value of the serum level of PCSK9 for the severity of coronary disease is largely unknown.

Methods

From December 2009 to July 2012, 121 individuals who underwent coronary angiography (CAG) because of clinically suspected acute coronary syndrome were enrolled in this study. Serum levels of PCSK9 and metabolic parameters were measured. SYNTAX (SYNergy between percutaneous coronary intervention with [paclitaxel-eluting] TAXUS stent and cardiac surgery) and GRACE (Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events) scores were calculated.

Results

Individuals with CAG lesions (n=100) had significantly higher levels of PCSK9 than those without lesions (n=21). The study population was stratified into three groups according to serum levels of PCSK9. The odds radio for occurrence of one or more CAG lesions was significantly higher in the group with the highest level of PCSK9 (odds ratio, 7.468; P=0.011) than in the group with the lowest level of PCSK9. Serum PCSK9 was positively associated with the number of involved coronary arteries. Multivariable linear regression indicated that levels of PCSK9 were positively correlated with GRACE risk scores and SYNTAX scores.

Conclusion

Serum PCSK9 concentrations are higher in patients with coronary artery lesions, and are associated with SYNTAX and GRACE scores, suggesting that PCSK9 is a potential biomarker of the severity of coronary artery disease.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Clinical Significance of PCSK9 and Soluble P-selectin in Predicting Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events After Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome
Yao Yao, Qining Qiu, Xiaoye Li, Zi Wang, Shikun Xu, Qianzhou Lv
Cardiovascular Innovations and Applications.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
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Peri-event plasma PCSK9 and hsCRP after an acute myocardial infarction correlate with early deterioration of left ventricular ejection fraction: a cohort study
Lina S. Silva-Bermúdez, Andrea Vargas-Villanueva, Carlos A. Sánchez-Vallejo, Ana C. Palacio, Andrés F. Buitrago, Carlos O. Mendivil
Lipids in Health and Disease.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Plasma Levels of Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 Are Inversely Associated with N-Terminal Pro B-Type Natriuretic Peptide in Older Men and Women
Francesco Spannella, Federico Giulietti, Roberta Galeazzi, Anna Passarelli, Serena Re, Chiara Di Pentima, Massimiliano Allevi, Paolo Magni, Riccardo Sarzani
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Fang Jia, Si-Fan Fei, De-Bing Tong, Cong Xue, Jian-Jun Li
Frontiers in Pharmacology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Physiology and role of PCSK9 in vascular disease: Potential impact of localized PCSK9 in vascular wall
Yanan Guo, Binjie Yan, Yu Gui, Zhihan Tang, Shi Tai, Shenghua Zhou, Xi‐Long Zheng
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PCSK9 levels do not predict severity and recurrence of cardiovascular events in patients with acute myocardial infarction
Marianne Zeller, Gilles Lambert, Michel Farnier, Maud Maza, Brice Nativel, Luc Rochette, Catherine Vergely, Yves Cottin
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Jing Gao, Ya-Nan Yang, Zhuang Cui, Si-Yuan Feng, Jing Ma, Chang-Ping Li, Yin Liu
Lipids in Health and Disease.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Circulating Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Disease Risk Prediction in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease
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Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Association Between Circulating Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 Concentrations and Cardiovascular Events in Cardiovascular Disease: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis
Jiahui Liu, Fangfang Fan, Xingyu Luo, Wenjun Ji, Yaokun Liu, Yan Zhang, Bo Zheng
Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
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Yu. A. Drenina, K. Yu. Nikolaev
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Yunes Panahi, Mohsen Sadeghi Ghahrodi, Mohsen Jamshir, Mohammad Amin Safarpour, Vanessa Bianconi, Matteo Pirro, Maryam Moshkani Farahani, Amirhossein Sahebkar
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Massimiliano Ruscica, Lale Tokgözoğlu, Alberto Corsini, Cesare R. Sirtori
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Jin Hwa Kim
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Response: Serum Levels of PCSK9 Are Associated with Coronary Angiographic Severity in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (Diabetes Metab J 2018;42:207-14)
Sung Woo Kim, Keun-Gyu Park
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2018; 42(4): 350. CrossRef
Serum PCSK9 levels, but not PCSK9 polymorphisms, are associated with CAD risk and lipid profiles in southern Chinese Han population
Gaojun Cai, Lei Yu, Zhiying Huang, Li Li, Xingli Fu
Lipids in Health and Disease.2018;[Epub] CrossRef

Complications
Renoprotective Effect of Gemigliptin, a Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor, in Streptozotocin-Induced Type 1 Diabetic Mice: Gwon-Soo Jung, Jae-Han Jeon, Mi Sun Choe, Sung-Woo Kim, In-Kyu Lee, Mi-Kyung Kim, Keun-Gyu Park; Diabetes Metab J. 2016;40(3):211-221. Published online March 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2016.40.3.211

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Background

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are widely used in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes and have proven protective effects on diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Whether DPP-4 inhibitors have renoprotective effects on insulin-deficient type 1 diabetes has not been comprehensively examined. The aim of this study was to determine whether gemigliptin, a new DPP-4 inhibitor, has renoprotective effects in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic mice.

Methods

Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal administration of a single dose of STZ. Mice with diabetes were treated without or with gemigliptin (300 mg/kg) for 8 weeks. Morphological changes of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) were observed by electron microscopy and periodic-acid Schiff staining. In addition, we measured blood glucose and urinary albumin excretion and evaluated fibrotic markers using immunohistochemical staining, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis, and Western blot analysis.

Results

Gemigliptin did not reduce the blood glucose levels of STZ-treated mice. In gemigliptin-treated mice with STZ, a significant reduction in urinary albumin excretion and GBM thickness was observed. Immunohistological examination revealed that gemigliptin attenuated renal fibrosis induced by STZ and decreased extracellular matrix protein levels, including those of type I collagen and fibronectin, and Smad3 phosphorylation. In cultured rat renal cells, gemigliptin inhibited transforming growth factor β-stimulated type I collagen and fibronectin mRNA and protein levels via down-regulation of Smad3 phosphorylation.

Conclusion

Our data demonstrate that gemigliptin has renoprotective effects on DKD, regardless of its glucose-lowering effect, suggesting that it could be used to prevent DKD, including in patients with type 1 diabetes.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

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Sulwon Lecture 2013

The Role of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase in Diabetes and Obesity: In-Kyu Lee; Diabetes Metab J. 2014;38(3):181-186. Published online June 17, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2014.38.3.181

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The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) is an emerging target for the treatment of metabolic syndrome. To maintain a steady-state concentration of adenosine triphosphate during the feed-fast cycle, cells require efficient utilization of fatty acid and glucose, which is controlled by the PDC. The PDC converts pyruvate, coenzyme A (CoA), and oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) into acetyl-CoA, reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), and carbon dioxide. The activity of the PDC is up- and down-regulated by pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase and pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase, respectively. In addition, pyruvate is a key intermediate of glucose oxidation and an important precursor for the synthesis of glucose, glycerol, fatty acids, and nonessential amino acids.

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Review

Transcriptional Regulation of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase: Ji Yun Jeong, Nam Ho Jeoung, Keun-Gyu Park, In-Kyu Lee; Diabetes Metab J. 2012;36(5):328-335. Published online October 18, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2012.36.5.328

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The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) activity is crucial to maintains blood glucose and ATP levels, which largely depends on the phosphorylation status by pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) isoenzymes. Although it has been reported that PDC is phosphorylated and inactivated by PDK2 and PDK4 in metabolically active tissues including liver, skeletal muscle, heart, and kidney during starvation and diabetes, the precise mechanisms by which expression of PDK2 and PDK4 are transcriptionally regulated still remains unclear. Insulin represses the expression of PDK2 and PDK4 via phosphorylation of FOXO through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Several nuclear hormone receptors activated due to fasting or increased fat supply, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, glucocorticoid receptors, estrogen-related receptors, and thyroid hormone receptors, also participate in the up-regulation of PDK2 and PDK4; however, the endogenous ligands that bind those nuclear receptors have not been identified. It has been recently suggested that growth hormone, adiponectin, epinephrine, and rosiglitazone also control the expression of PDK4 in tissue-specific manners. In this review, we discuss several factors involved in the expressional regulation of PDK2 and PDK4, and introduce current studies aimed at providing a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie the development of metabolic diseases such as diabetes.

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Changshui Wang, Changmeng Cui, Pengfei Xu, Li Zhu, Hongjia Xue, Beibei Chen, Pei Jiang
Molecular Psychiatry.2023; 28(10): 4138. CrossRef
Inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 ameliorates kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury by reducing succinate accumulation during ischemia and preserving mitochondrial function during reperfusion
Chang Joo Oh, Min-Ji Kim, Ji-Min Lee, Dong Hun Kim, Il-Young Kim, Sanghee Park, Yeongmin Kim, Kyung-Bok Lee, Sang-Hee Lee, Chae Won Lim, Myeongjin Kim, Jung-Yi Lee, Haushabhau S. Pagire, Suvarna H. Pagire, Myung Ae Bae, Dipanjan Chanda, Themis Thoudam, Ah
Kidney International.2023; 104(4): 724. CrossRef
High glucose promotes benign prostatic hyperplasia by downregulating PDK4 expression
Pengyu Wei, Dongxu Lin, Changcheng Luo, Mengyang Zhang, Bolang Deng, Kai Cui, Zhong Chen
Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
PDK4 facilitates fibroblast functions and diabetic wound healing through regulation of HIF‐1α protein stability and gene expression
Zhouji Ma, Ran Mo, Ping Yang, Youjun Ding, Hao Zhang, Zheng Dong, Yutong Chen, Qian Tan
The FASEB Journal.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
PDK4 rescues high-glucose-induced senescent fibroblasts and promotes diabetic wound healing through enhancing glycolysis and regulating YAP and JNK pathway
Zhouji Ma, Youjun Ding, Xiaofeng Ding, Haining Mou, Ran Mo, Qian Tan
Cell Death Discovery.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
CD36 deletion ameliorates diabetic kidney disease by restoring fatty acid oxidation and improving mitochondrial function
Huimin Niu, Xiayu Ren, Enxue Tan, Xing Wan, Yu Wang, Honghong Shi, Yanjuan Hou, Lihua Wang
Renal Failure.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
PDK4 Decrease Neuronal Apoptosis via Inhibiting ROS-ASK1/P38 Pathway in Early Brain Injury After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Xuan Gao, Yong-Yue Gao, Hui-Ying Yan, Guang-Jie Liu, Yan Zhou, Tao Tao, Ting-Ting Yue, Cong Pang, Xiang-Xin Chen, Sen Gao, Ling-Yun Wu, Chun-Hua Hang, Wei Li
Antioxidants & Redox Signaling.2022; 36(7-9): 505. CrossRef
microRNA-15b-5p shuttled by mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles protects podocytes from diabetic nephropathy via downregulation of VEGF/PDK4 axis
Tiantian Zhao, Qingsong Jin, Lili Kong, Dongdong Zhang, Yaqin Teng, Liangyan Lin, Xiaoyan Yao, Yongjun Jin, Minglong Li
Journal of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes.2022; 54(1): 17. CrossRef
Water-Extracted Prunella vulgaris Alleviates Endometriosis by Reducing Aerobic Glycolysis
Min Kyoung Cho, Ling Jin, Jung Ho Han, Jung-Suk Jin, Se-Yun Cheon, Su Shin, Sung-Jin Bae, Jang-Kyung Park, Ki-Tae Ha
Frontiers in Pharmacology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Coenzyme A-Dependent Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Enzymes Are Decreased in Alzheimer’s Disease Consistent With Cerebral Pantothenate Deficiency
Crystal Sang, Sasha A. Philbert, Danielle Hartland, Richard. D Unwin, Andrew W. Dowsey, Jingshu Xu, Garth J. S. Cooper
Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Identification of candidate aberrant differentially methylated/expressed genes in asthma
Zongling Wang, Lizhi Wang, Lina Dai, Yanan Wang, Erhong Li, Shuyuan An, Fengliang Wang, Dan Liu, Wen Pan
Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Innervation and electrical pulse stimulation — in vitro effects on human skeletal muscle cells
Tomaz Marš, Katarina Miš, Marija Meznarič, Sonja Prpar Mihevc, Vid Jan, Fred Haugen, Boris Rogelj, Arild C. Rustan, G. Hege Thoresen, Sergej Pirkmajer, Nataša Nikolić
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism.2021; 46(4): 299. CrossRef
Mitochondrial Dysfunction: Cause or Consequence of Vascular Calcification?
Kanchan Phadwal, Christina Vrahnas, Ian G. Ganley, Vicky E. MacRae
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
BCKDK regulates the TCA cycle through PDC in the absence of PDK family during embryonic development
Lia Heinemann-Yerushalmi, Lital Bentovim, Neta Felsenthal, Ron Carmel Vinestock, Nofar Michaeli, Sharon Krief, Alon Silberman, Marina Cohen, Shifra Ben-Dor, Ori Brenner, Rebecca Haffner-Krausz, Maxim Itkin, Sergey Malitsky, Ayelet Erez, Elazar Zelzer
Developmental Cell.2021; 56(8): 1182. CrossRef
Unique adaptations in neonatal hepatic transcriptome, nutrient signaling, and one-carbon metabolism in response to feeding ethyl cellulose rumen-protected methionine during late-gestation in Holstein cows
Valentino Palombo, Abdulrahman Alharthi, Fernanda Batistel, Claudia Parys, Jessie Guyader, Erminio Trevisi, Mariasilvia D’Andrea, Juan J. Loor
BMC Genomics.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
PDK2: An Underappreciated Regulator of Liver Metabolism
Benjamin L. Woolbright, Robert A. Harris
Livers.2021; 1(2): 82. CrossRef
Endocrine Influence on Cardiac Metabolism in Development and Regeneration
Niall Graham, Guo N Huang
Endocrinology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Targeting Glucose Metabolism of Cancer Cells with Dichloroacetate to Radiosensitize High-Grade Gliomas
Kristina M. Cook, Han Shen, Kelly J. McKelvey, Harriet E. Gee, Eric Hau
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2021; 22(14): 7265. CrossRef
Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4‐mediated metabolic reprogramming is involved in rituximab resistance in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma by affecting the expression of MS4A1/CD20
Duanfeng Jiang, Qiuyu Mo, Xiaoying Sun, Xiaotao Wang, Min Dong, Guozhen Zhang, Fangping Chen, Qiangqiang Zhao
Cancer Science.2021; 112(9): 3585. CrossRef
Skeletal muscle energy metabolism in obesity
Abel M. Mengeste, Arild C. Rustan, Jenny Lund
Obesity.2021; 29(10): 1582. CrossRef
Loss of prion protein control of glucose metabolism promotes neurodegeneration in model of prion diseases
Hélène Arnould, Vincent Baudouin, Anne Baudry, Luiz W. Ribeiro, Hector Ardila-Osorio, Mathéa Pietri, Cédric Caradeuc, Cynthia Soultawi, Declan Williams, Marjorie Alvarez, Carole Crozet, Fatima Djouadi, Mireille Laforge, Gildas Bertho, Odile Kellermann, Je
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Transcriptional and free radical responses to LVAD therapy
Kajari Dhar, Asmini KC, Fang Qiu, Hesham Basma, Krupa K. Savalia, Jocelyn Jones, Alexandra M. Moulton, Matthew C. Zimmerman, John Um, Daniel Anderson, Marshall Hyden, Brian D. Lowes
Translational Medicine Communications.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Fine-tuning the metabolic rewiring and adaptation of translational machinery during an epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer cells
Tamara Fernández-Calero, Marcos Davyt, Karen Perelmuter, Cora Chalar, Giovana Bampi, Helena Persson, Juan Pablo Tosar, Völundur Hafstað, Hugo Naya, Carlos Rovira, Mariela Bollati-Fogolín, Ricardo Ehrlich, Gilles Flouriot, Zoya Ignatova, Mónica Marín
Cancer & Metabolism.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Co-expression network analysis predicts a key role of microRNAs in the adaptation of the porcine skeletal muscle to nutrient supply
Emilio Mármol-Sánchez, Yuliaxis Ramayo-Caldas, Raquel Quintanilla, Tainã Figueiredo Cardoso, Rayner González-Prendes, Joan Tibau, Marcel Amills
Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Stimulating pyruvate dehydrogenase complex reduces itaconate levels and enhances TCA cycle anabolic bioenergetics in acutely inflamed monocytes
Xuewei Zhu, David Long, Manal Zabalawi, Brian Ingram, Barbara K. Yoza, Peter W. Stacpoole, Charles E. McCall
Journal of Leukocyte Biology.2020; 107(3): 467. CrossRef
GPR30-Expressing Gastric Chief Cells Do Not Dedifferentiate But Are Eliminated via PDK-Dependent Cell Competition During Development of Metaplasia
Masahiro Hata, Hiroto Kinoshita, Yoku Hayakawa, Mitsuru Konishi, Mayo Tsuboi, Yukiko Oya, Ken Kurokawa, Yuki Hayata, Hayato Nakagawa, Keisuke Tateishi, Hiroaki Fujiwara, Yoshihiro Hirata, Daniel L. Worthley, Yuki Muranishi, Takahisa Furukawa, Shunsuke Kon
Gastroenterology.2020; 158(6): 1650. CrossRef
The pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 2 (PDK2) is associated with conidiation, mycelial growth, and pathogenicity in Fusarium graminearum
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Food Production, Processing and Nutrition.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
PDK2 Deficiency Prevents Ovariectomy-Induced Bone Loss in Mice by Regulating the RANKL-NFATc1 Pathway During Osteoclastogenesis
Ji-Min Lee, Min-Ji Kim, Sun Joo Lee, Byung-Gyu Kim, Je-Yong Choi, Seung Mi Lee, Hye Jin Ham, Jung-Min Koh, Jae-Han Jeon, In-Kyu Lee
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research.2020; 36(3): 553. CrossRef
Hemistepsin A suppresses colorectal cancer growth through inhibiting pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase activity
Ling Jin, Eun-Yeong Kim, Tae-Wook Chung, Chang Woo Han, So Young Park, Jung Ho Han, Sung-Jin Bae, Jong Rok Lee, Young Woo Kim, Se Bok Jang, Ki-Tae Ha
Scientific Reports.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Neither Excessive Nitric Oxide Accumulation nor Acute Hyperglycemia Affects the N-Acetylaspartate Network in Wistar Rat Brain Cells
Marlena Zyśk, Piotr Pikul, Robert Kowalski, Krzysztof Lewandowski, Monika Sakowicz-Burkiewicz, Tadeusz Pawełczyk
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2020; 21(22): 8541. CrossRef
PDK4 promotes vascular calcification by interfering with autophagic activity and metabolic reprogramming
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American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology.2019; 317(4): R513. CrossRef
Geniposide Improves Glucose Homeostasis via Regulating FoxO1/PDK4 in Skeletal Muscle
Yan Li, Haiou Pan, Xuetong Zhang, Hui Wang, Shengnan Liu, Hui Zhang, Haifeng Qian, Li Wang, Hao Ying
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry.2019; 67(16): 4483. CrossRef
The Effects of Sodium Dichloroacetate on Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Neuronal Death Following Hypoglycemia-Induced Injury
A Ra Kho, Bo Young Choi, Song Hee Lee, Dae Ki Hong, Jeong Hyun Jeong, Beom Seok Kang, Dong Hyeon Kang, Kyoung-Ha Park, Jae Bong Park, Sang Won Suh
Cells.2019; 8(5): 405. CrossRef
Predictive factors for the development of diabetes in cancer patients treated with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors
Gyuri Kim, Myungeun Yoo, Min Hee Hong, Byung-Wan Lee, Eun Seok Kang, Bong-Soo Cha, Hye Ryun Kim, Yong-ho Lee, Byoung Chul Cho
Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology.2019; 84(2): 405. CrossRef
Next generation sequencing of RNA reveals novel targets of resveratrol with possible implications for Canavan disease
Maja Dembic, Henriette S. Andersen, Jean Bastin, Thomas K. Doktor, Thomas J. Corydon, Jörn Oliver Sass, Alexandra Lopes Costa, Fatima Djouadi, Brage S. Andresen
Molecular Genetics and Metabolism.2019; 126(1): 64. CrossRef
PDK4 Augments ER–Mitochondria Contact to Dampen Skeletal Muscle Insulin Signaling During Obesity
Themis Thoudam, Chae-Myeong Ha, Jaechan Leem, Dipanjan Chanda, Jong-Seok Park, Hyo-Jeong Kim, Jae-Han Jeon, Yeon-Kyung Choi, Suthat Liangpunsakul, Yang Hoon Huh, Tae-Hwan Kwon, Keun-Gyu Park, Robert A. Harris, Kyu-Sang Park, Hyun-Woo Rhee, In-Kyu Lee
Diabetes.2019; 68(3): 571. CrossRef
Membrane-initiated cortisol action modulates early pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 2 (pdk2) expression in fish skeletal muscle
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Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology.2019; 233: 24. CrossRef
Restoring mitochondrial biogenesis with metformin attenuates β-GP-induced phenotypic transformation of VSMCs into an osteogenic phenotype via inhibition of PDK4/oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis
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Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology.2019; 479: 39. CrossRef
Changes in acetyl-CoA mediate Sik3-induced maturation of chondrocytes in endochondral bone formation
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Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications.2019; 516(4): 1097. CrossRef
Enhancing cardiac glycolysis causes an increase in PDK4 content in response to short-term high-fat diet
Maria F. Newhardt, Albert Batushansky, Satoshi Matsuzaki, Zachary T. Young, Melinda West, Ngun Cer Chin, Luke I. Szweda, Michael Kinter, Kenneth M. Humphries
Journal of Biological Chemistry.2019; 294(45): 16831. CrossRef
Upregulated PDK4 expression is a sensitive marker of increased fatty acid oxidation
Ina Katrine Nitschke Pettersen, Deusdedit Tusubira, Hanan Ashrafi, Sissel Elisabeth Dyrstad, Lena Hansen, Xiao-Zheng Liu, Linn Iren Hodneland Nilsson, Nils Gunnar Løvsletten, Kjetil Berge, Hege Wergedahl, Bodil Bjørndal, Øystein Fluge, Ove Bruland, Arild
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Metabolic Flexibility in Cancer: Targeting the Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase:Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Axis
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Molecular Cancer Therapeutics.2019; 18(10): 1673. CrossRef
Clinical use of plasma lactate concentration. Part 1: Physiology, pathophysiology, and measurement
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SIRT6 deacetylase transcriptionally regulates glucose metabolism in heart
Danish Khan, Mohsen Sarikhani, Subhajit Dasgupta, Babukrishna Maniyadath, Anwit S. Pandit, Sneha Mishra, Faiz Ahamed, Abhinav Dubey, Nowrin Fathma, Hanudatta S. Atreya, Ullas Kolthur‐Seetharam, Nagalingam R. Sundaresan
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Metabolic Changes Associated With Muscle Expression of SOD1G93A
Gabriella Dobrowolny, Elisa Lepore, Martina Martini, Laura Barberi, Abigail Nunn, Bianca Maria Scicchitano, Antonio Musarò
Frontiers in Physiology.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Effect of sex on glucose handling by adipocytes isolated from rat subcutaneous, mesenteric and perigonadal adipose tissue
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PeerJ.2018; 6: e5440. CrossRef
Heat stress decreases metabolic flexibility in skeletal muscle of growing pigs
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Mechanisms of AMPK in the maintenance of ATP balance during energy metabolism
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Cell Biology International.2018; 42(4): 384. CrossRef
Advanced glycation end products accelerate calcification in VSMCs through HIF-1α/PDK4 activation and suppress glucose metabolism
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Scientific Reports.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Nε-carboxymethyl-lysine promotes calcium deposition in VSMCs via intracellular oxidative stress-induced PDK4 activation and alters glucose metabolism
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Oncotarget.2017; 8(68): 112841. CrossRef
Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 deficiency attenuates cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury
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The physiological and molecular response of Aurelia sp.1 under hypoxia
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A Drosophila model of GDAP1 function reveals the involvement of insulin signalling in the mitochondria-dependent neuromuscular degeneration
Víctor López del Amo, Martina Palomino-Schätzlein, Marta Seco-Cervera, José Luis García-Giménez, Federico Vicente Pallardó, Antonio Pineda-Lucena, Máximo Ibo Galindo
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Western diet enhances intestinal tumorigenesis in Min/+ mice, associating with mucosal metabolic and inflammatory stress and loss of Apc heterozygosity
Mikael Niku, Anne-Maria Pajari, Laura Sarantaus, Essi Päivärinta, Markus Storvik, Anu Heiman-Lindh, Santeri Suokas, Minna Nyström, Marja Mutanen
The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry.2017; 39: 126. CrossRef
Small heterodimer partner (SHP) deficiency protects myocardia from lipid accumulation in high fat diet-fed mice
Jung Hun Ohn, Ji Yeon Hwang, Min Kyong Moon, Hwa Young Ahn, Hwan Hee Kim, Young Do Koo, Kwang-Il Kim, Hyuk Jae Chang, Hye Seung Lee, Hak Chul Jang, Young Joo Park, Catherine Mounier
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Involvement of oxidative modification of proteins related to ATP synthesis in the left ventricles of hamsters with cardiomyopathy
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Oncogenic role of PDK4 in human colon cancer cells
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British Journal of Cancer.2017; 116(7): 930. CrossRef
Fasting and Glucagon Stimulate Gene Expression of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 4 in Chickens
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The Journal of Poultry Science.2017; 54(4): 292. CrossRef
Therapeutic Targeting of the Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex/Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase (PDC/PDK) Axis in Cancer
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Reference Gene Selection and Prednisolone Target Gene Expression in Adipose Tissues of Friesian Cattle
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Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Protect Against Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Dysfunction in Huntington's Disease
Luana Naia, Teresa Cunha-Oliveira, Joana Rodrigues, Tatiana R. Rosenstock, Ana Oliveira, Márcio Ribeiro, Catarina Carmo, Sofia I. Oliveira-Sousa, Ana I. Duarte, Michael R. Hayden, A. Cristina Rego
The Journal of Neuroscience.2017; 37(10): 2776. CrossRef
Black Adzuki Bean (Vigna angularis) Extract Protects Pancreatic β Cells and Improves Glucose Tolerance in C57BL/6J Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet
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Journal of Medicinal Food.2016; 19(5): 442. CrossRef
Inflammation increases pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) expression via the Jun N-Terminal Kinase (JNK) pathway in C2C12 cells
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Mechanisms of Vascular Calcification: The Pivotal Role of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 4
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Molecular Mechanisms of Obesity-Induced Osteoporosis and Muscle Atrophy
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Frontiers in Physiology.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
MiR-155 Enhances Insulin Sensitivity by Coordinated Regulation of Multiple Genes in Mice
Xiaolin Lin, Yujuan Qin, Junshuang Jia, Taoyan Lin, Xia Lin, Li Chen, Hui Zeng, Yanjiang Han, Lihong Wu, Shun Huang, Meng Wang, Shenhao Huang, Raoying Xie, Liqi Liang, Yu Liu, Ruiyu Liu, Tingting Zhang, Jing Li, Shengchun Wang, Penghui Sun, Wenhua Huang,
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Transforming Growth Factor β Mediates Drug Resistance by Regulating the Expression of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 4 in Colorectal Cancer
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Journal of Biological Chemistry.2016; 291(33): 17405. CrossRef
Metabolic Response to Heat Stress in Late-Pregnant and Early Lactation Dairy Cows: Implications to Liver-Muscle Crosstalk
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Short chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency and short-term high-fat diet perturb mitochondrial energy metabolism and transcriptional control of lipid-handling in liver
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1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Regulates Mitochondrial Oxygen Consumption and Dynamics in Human Skeletal Muscle Cells
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Janus and PI3-kinases mediate glucocorticoid resistance in activated chronic leukemia cells
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Energy metabolic disorder is a major risk factor in severe influenza virus infection: Proposals for new therapeutic options based on animal model experiments
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Fusarium graminearum pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (FgPDK1) Is Critical for Conidiation, Mycelium Growth, and Pathogenicity
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Cardiac Ryanodine Receptor (Ryr2)-mediated Calcium Signals Specifically Promote Glucose Oxidation via Pyruvate Dehydrogenase
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Novel molecular mechanisms involved in hormonal regulation of lactate production in Sertoli cells
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Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 4 Promotes Vascular Calcification via SMAD1/5/8 Phosphorylation
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The Warburg effect in tumor progression: Mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as an anti-metastasis mechanism
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